Glossary
🃏 Flashcards
Keywords and keyphrases defined for this project. Terms are drawn from
src/data/glossary.json and used as tooltips throughout the content.
- LMS (Learning Management System)
- A software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting, automation, and delivery of educational courses, training programs, or learning and development programs.
- BSN (Bachelor of Science in Nursing)
- A four-year undergraduate nursing degree that prepares graduates for professional nursing practice. BSN-prepared nurses demonstrate competency in evidence-based practice, leadership, community health, and research-based care.
- RN (Registered Nurse)
- A nurse who has graduated from a nursing program, passed the NCLEX-RN licensing examination, and is licensed by a state or territory to practice professional nursing.
- AACN Essentials (American Association of Colleges of Nursing Essentials)
- A competency-based framework (revised 2021) that defines the 10 domains of knowledge, skills, and attitudes expected of all nursing graduates. Domains include Person-Centered Care, Population Health, Quality and Safety, Informatics, and Professionalism.
- QSEN (Quality and Safety Education for Nurses)
- A national initiative that defines six core competencies for nursing education: Patient-Centered Care, Teamwork and Collaboration, Evidence-Based Practice (EBP), Quality Improvement (QI), Safety, and Informatics.
- NCLEX-NG (Next Generation National Council Licensure Examination)
- The updated nursing licensure examination that emphasizes clinical judgment using the Clinical Judgment Measurement Model (CJMM). The CJMM includes six layers: Recognize Cues, Analyze Cues, Prioritize Hypotheses, Generate Solutions, Take Action, and Evaluate Outcomes.
- CJMM (Clinical Judgment Measurement Model)
- The NCSBN's model for measuring clinical judgment in the NCLEX-NG. Composed of six layers: Recognize Cues, Analyze Cues, Prioritize Hypotheses, Generate Solutions, Take Action, and Evaluate Outcomes.
- CCNE (Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education)
- An autonomous accrediting agency committed to the quality and integrity of baccalaureate, graduate, and residency programs in nursing. CCNE accreditation evaluates programs against four standards: Mission and Governance, Institutional Commitment and Resources, Curriculum, and Program Effectiveness.
- ACEN (Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing)
- An accrediting body for nursing education programs at the clinical doctorate, master's, baccalaureate, associate, diploma, and practical levels. ACEN evaluates programs against six standards: Mission, Faculty, Students, Curriculum, Resources, and Outcomes.
- EBP (Evidence-Based Practice)
- A problem-solving approach to the delivery of health care that integrates the best evidence from studies and patient care data with clinician expertise and patient preferences and values.
- Clinical Judgment
- The observed outcome of critical thinking and decision-making, representing the complex process by which nurses integrate knowledge, experience, reasoning, and intuition to interpret and respond to client situations.
- Pathophysiology
- The study of the physiological processes associated with disease or injury. Understanding pathophysiology enables nurses to recognize cues, analyze findings, and make clinical judgments about patient care.
- Pharmacology
- The study of drugs, their mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, adverse effects, and nursing implications. A core component of NCLEX-NG (Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies category) and patient safety.
- Patient Safety
- The prevention of errors and adverse effects to patients associated with health care. A core QSEN competency and AACN Essentials domain (Quality and Safety). Includes the use of checklists, handoff communication, and safety culture.
- SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation)
- A structured communication framework used in healthcare to facilitate prompt and accurate communication among team members. SBAR is a key interprofessional communication tool aligned with QSEN Teamwork and Collaboration and AACN Essentials D6.
- IPE (Interprofessional Education)
- An approach in education where students from two or more professions learn about, from, and with each other to enable effective collaboration and improve health outcomes. Aligned with QSEN Teamwork and Collaboration and AACN Essentials D6.
- Simulation (Simulation-Based Learning)
- A teaching strategy that replicates the real-world clinical environment for the purpose of practicing procedures, honing skills, and integrating knowledge without risk to real patients. Used extensively in BSN programs.
- ATI (Assessment Technologies Institute)
- A provider of nursing education tools, assessments, and practice materials including the TEAS exam, proctored ATI assessments, and remediation resources. Widely used in BSN programs to predict NCLEX success.
- Competency-Based Education
- An educational approach that focuses on students demonstrating specific, measurable competencies rather than simply completing time-based requirements. The AACN Essentials (2021) are written as competency-based outcomes.
- Astro (Astro.build)
- A modern static site builder designed for content-heavy websites. Uses an island architecture to ship zero JavaScript by default, hydrating interactive components only when needed.
- Island Architecture
- A web architecture pattern where individual interactive UI components (islands) are hydrated independently on an otherwise static HTML page, minimising JavaScript sent to the browser.
- SSG (Static Site Generator)
- A tool that generates a full static HTML website based on raw data and templates. Pages are pre-rendered at build time rather than on each request.
- MDX (Markdown + JSX)
- A superset of Markdown that allows you to embed JSX (and Astro/Svelte components) directly inside Markdown files, enabling rich interactive documentation and educational content.
- Content Collections (Astro Content Collections)
- Astro's built-in mechanism for organising, validating, and querying collections of local content files (Markdown, MDX, JSON, YAML) with type-safe schemas using Zod.
- Svelte
- A component-based JavaScript framework that compiles components to efficient vanilla JavaScript at build time, producing no runtime framework overhead.
- Tailwind CSS
- A utility-first CSS framework that provides low-level CSS utility classes, allowing developers to build custom designs directly in markup without writing custom CSS.
- DaisyUI
- A Tailwind CSS plugin that provides semantic component classes (btn, card, badge, etc.) on top of Tailwind utilities, speeding up UI development with a clean, themeable design system.
- GitHub Pages
- A static site hosting service that publishes web pages directly from a GitHub repository, supporting custom domains and HTTPS. Ideal for hosting Astro static builds.
- Encyclopedia
- A comprehensive reference work containing articles on a wide range of subjects or a particular field. In this LMS, encyclopedia entries are authoritative reference articles on specific topics.
- Zod
- A TypeScript-first schema declaration and validation library used in Astro Content Collections to define and validate the frontmatter schema of content files.
- HAI (Healthcare-Associated Infection)
- An infection that a patient acquires during the course of receiving healthcare treatment and that was not present or incubating at the time of admission. Also called a nosocomial infection. Major types include CLABSI, CAUTI, VAP, SSI, and CDI.
- CLABSI (Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection)
- A laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection in a patient who had a central venous catheter in place within the 48-hour period before the onset of infection, with no other identified source of infection. Preventable through the IHI CLABSI prevention bundle.
- CAUTI (Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection)
- A urinary tract infection occurring in a patient who had an indwelling urinary catheter in place within 48 hours before the onset of infection. One of the most common and preventable HAIs; prevention centers on avoiding unnecessary catheter use and prompt removal.
- VAP (Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia)
- Pneumonia that develops in a patient who has been receiving mechanical ventilation via an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube for more than 48 hours. Prevention includes elevating the head of bed 30–45°, oral care with chlorhexidine, and daily readiness-to-extubate assessments.
- PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
- Specialized equipment worn by healthcare workers to protect against exposure to infectious materials. Includes gloves, gowns, surgical masks, N95 respirators, eye protection (goggles/face shields), and powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs). Proper donning and doffing sequences are essential to prevent self-contamination.
- MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
- A strain of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria resistant to methicillin and other penicillin-class antibiotics. A leading cause of healthcare-associated infections. Requires contact precautions in healthcare settings. Spread primarily through direct skin-to-skin contact and contact with contaminated surfaces.
- CDI (Clostridioides difficile Infection)
- A colon infection caused by the spore-forming bacterium Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile), most often triggered by antibiotic use that disrupts normal gut flora. Presents with diarrhea (≥3 loose stools/day), abdominal cramping, and fever. Requires contact precautions and soap-and-water hand hygiene (alcohol-based hand rubs do not kill C. diff spores).
- Standard Precautions
- The minimum level of infection prevention practices applied in the care of all patients in any healthcare setting, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status. Based on the principle that blood, body fluids (except sweat), non-intact skin, and mucous membranes may contain infectious agents. Components include hand hygiene, PPE, safe injection practices, respiratory hygiene, and sharps safety.
- Chain of Infection
- A six-link epidemiological model describing the sequential steps required for an infectious disease to spread: (1) infectious agent, (2) reservoir, (3) portal of exit, (4) mode of transmission, (5) portal of entry, and (6) susceptible host. Breaking any link in the chain prevents disease transmission.
- Aseptic Technique
- A set of practices designed to prevent pathogenic microorganisms from contaminating sterile items, body tissues, or body cavities during patient care. Surgical (sterile) aseptic technique maintains a completely sterile field; medical (clean) aseptic technique reduces microbial counts to a safe level without achieving full sterility.
- Airborne Precautions
- Transmission-based precautions used for patients with known or suspected infections transmitted via small-particle aerosols (droplet nuclei ≤5 µm) that remain suspended in air over long distances. Requires placement in an airborne infection isolation room (AIIR) with negative pressure and ≥12 air changes per hour, and use of an N95 or higher respirator by all who enter the room. Indicated for tuberculosis, measles, varicella, and disseminated herpes zoster.
- Antibiotic Stewardship
- A coordinated effort to optimize the selection, dose, route, and duration of antibiotic therapy to achieve the best clinical outcomes while minimizing adverse events, including the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant organisms. Nurses play a key role by obtaining cultures before antibiotic administration, monitoring for adverse effects, and educating patients about completing prescribed courses.
- Sterile Field
- A designated area, typically defined by a sterile drape or sterile packaging, that is considered free of all microorganisms including spores. Everything within a sterile field must be sterile; any item or person making contact with the field that is not sterile contaminates the entire field. The sterile field must remain in the nurse's direct line of sight at all times, must not be left unattended, and must be discarded and reconstructed if contamination occurs or is suspected. The one-inch (2.5 cm) border around the edge of the sterile drape is considered non-sterile and must not be used to place sterile items.
- Strike-Through Contamination
- The transfer of microorganisms from a non-sterile surface through a sterile barrier (such as a drape, packaging, or gown) via moisture. When a sterile surface becomes wet and contacts a non-sterile surface — or when a non-sterile liquid penetrates sterile packaging — the sterile barrier is considered permanently compromised and the item or field must be discarded. Strike-through contamination is one of the most commonly violated principles of sterile technique and is a leading mechanism by which sterile fields are inadvertently contaminated in clinical practice.
- One-Inch Border Rule
- A principle of sterile technique that states the outermost one inch (approximately 2.5 cm) of a sterile drape or sterile field border is considered non-sterile and must not be used to hold or position sterile items. This rule acknowledges that the edge of a sterile drape is prone to contact with non-sterile surfaces and environmental contamination. Nurses must ensure that all sterile items are placed in the interior of the sterile field, away from the border zone. Items that drift into the one-inch border zone must be treated as contaminated.
CourseCurriculumAssessment
RNAACN EssentialsNCLEX-NGCCNEACEN
BSNNCLEX-NGScope of Practice
BSNCompetency-Based EducationCCNEQSEN
AACN EssentialsEBPPatient SafetyQI
RNClinical JudgmentCJMM
NCLEX-NGClinical JudgmentCritical Thinking
AccreditationACENBSNAACN Essentials
AccreditationCCNEBSN
QSENResearchClinical JudgmentAACN Essentials
NCLEX-NGCJMMCritical ThinkingEBP
NCLEX-NGClinical JudgmentPharmacology
NCLEX-NGPatient SafetyPathophysiology
QSENAACN EssentialsQuality ImprovementSBAR
QSENAACN EssentialsInterprofessional Education
QSENAACN EssentialsTeamworkSBAR
Clinical JudgmentDebriefingHigh-Fidelity Simulation
NCLEX-NGBSNRemediation
AACN EssentialsQSENLearning ObjectivesProgram Outcomes
Island ArchitectureStatic Site GeneratorSSG
AstroHydrationSSG
AstroGitHub PagesIsland Architecture
MarkdownAstroContent Collections
AstroMDXZod
Island ArchitectureAstro
DaisyUICSS
Tailwind CSSUI Component Library
SSGAstroCI/CD
Content CollectionsMDX
Content CollectionsTypeScript
CLABSICAUTIVAPStandard PrecautionsInfection Control
HAICentral Venous CatheterInfection Control
HAIUrinary CatheterInfection Control
HAIMechanical VentilationInfection Control
Standard PrecautionsTransmission-Based PrecautionsN95Infection Control
HAIContact PrecautionsAntibiotic ResistanceStandard Precautions
HAIContact PrecautionsAntibiotic StewardshipInfection Control
PPEHand HygieneTransmission-Based PrecautionsInfection Control
Infection ControlTransmission-Based PrecautionsStandard Precautions
Infection ControlStandard PrecautionsWound CarePPE
Transmission-Based PrecautionsN95Contact PrecautionsDroplet Precautions
CDIMRSAHAIInfection Control
Surgical AsepsisStrike-Through ContaminationOne-Inch Border RuleSterile Technique
Sterile FieldSurgical AsepsisSterile TechniqueInfection Control
Sterile FieldSurgical AsepsisStrike-Through ContaminationSterile Technique