Infection Control — Transmission Routes, Chain of Infection, and Precautions

A nurse is caring for a client with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Which transmission-based precaution type is required in addition to standard precautions?

A client has been admitted with bacterial meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis. What precaution type should the nurse implement immediately?

A client presents with cutaneous anthrax. Which transmission route is responsible for this form of anthrax?

The nurse is reviewing the six links of the chain of infection. Which link is targeted when a nurse performs hand hygiene before and after patient care?

A nurse is caring for a neutropenic client with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 400 cells/mm³. Which of the following actions should the nurse implement? Select all that apply.

A client with active TB has been on isoniazid (INH) therapy for three weeks. The client asks when they can return to work. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

A family member of a newly diagnosed TB client asks whether they need any treatment. Which of the following prophylactic therapy regimen should the nurse describe?

A client with bacterial conjunctivitis asks what they can do to prevent spreading the infection to family members. Which instruction is most important?

Which of the following is the correct portal of entry for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A client who had hepatitis A is asking when they can return to their job as a food service worker. The nurse knows the client is no longer infectious after which point?

A nurse is preparing to care for a client on contact precautions. In which order should the nurse don personal protective equipment (PPE)?

A client with a history of chemotherapy presents with a WBC of 2,800 cells/mm³. The nurse recognizes this as which condition?

A client presents to the emergency department with a sudden high fever of 102.4°F, hypotension, diffuse sunburn-like rash, vomiting, and severe diarrhea. The client reports using a tampon. The nurse suspects toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Which finding, if reported by the client, would cause the nurse to question this diagnosis?

A nurse assesses a client with a painless, indurated, clean-based ulcer on the genitalia. The nurse knows this type of lesion, called a chancre, is characteristic of which sexually transmitted infection?

A nurse is caring for a client with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to prevent the spread of infection to the upper abdominal cavity?

A child is diagnosed with pediculosis capitis (head lice). Which environmental measure should the nurse instruct the parents to perform at home?

A client is admitted with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The nurse knows that ribavirin is prescribed for which purpose?

A client with HIV asks the nurse about their CD4 T-cell count result of 185 cells/mm³. The nurse knows that a CD4 count below which threshold indicates the client has progressed to AIDS?

A nurse is educating a client about the difference between standard precautions and transmission-based precautions. Which statement by the client indicates correct understanding?

A noncompliant client with active tuberculosis refuses to take their medications at home. Which intervention is most appropriate to ensure the client receives therapy?

A client asks the nurse how the body's normal vaginal flora protects against infection. The nurse's best response addresses which link in the chain of infection?

True or False: An airborne infection isolation room (AIIR) used for tuberculosis patients uses positive-pressure airflow to protect the patient from environmental pathogens.

Describe the key distinguishing feature that differentiates airborne precautions from droplet precautions, including the type of respirator required for each.