Clinical Drug Reference

Medications

500 medications every nurse must know — mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, nursing considerations, safety alerts, and clinical pearls, organized for rapid clinical lookup.

Medications
504
Drug Classes
282
Black Box Warnings
197
ISMP High Alert
76
Beers Criteria
82

abacavir

Ziagen, component of Epzicom, Triumeq, Trizivir

⚠ BBW

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)

infectious-disease

abciximab

ReoPro

⚠ BBW ISMP

glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor

cardiovascularhematology-oncology prototype

acarbose

Precose

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

endocrine prototype

acetaminophen

Tylenol, APAP, Ofirmev (IV) +1

⚠ BBW

analgesic / antipyretic

cnsmusculoskeletal prototype

acetazolamide

Diamox

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

renalcns prototype

acetylcysteine

Mucomyst, Acetadote

mucolytic / antidote

respiratorytoxicology prototype

aclidinium bromide

Tudorza Pressair

muscarinic receptor antagonist (LAMA)

respiratory

acyclovir

Zovirax

antiviral

infectious-disease prototype

adalimumab (GI indication)

Humira

⚠ BBW

TNF-alpha inhibitor

gastrointestinalimmunology

adenosine

Adenocard

antiarrhythmic (Class V)

cardiovascular prototype

albendazole

Albenza

benzimidazole antiparasitic

infectious-disease prototype

albuterol

Ventolin, ProAir, Proventil

bronchodilator

respiratory prototype

alendronate

Fosamax

bisphosphonate

endocrinemusculoskeletal prototype

alirocumab

Praluent

PCSK9 inhibitor

cardiovascular

allopurinol

Zyloprim, Lopurin

xanthine oxidase inhibitor

endocrinemusculoskeletal prototype

alogliptin

Nesina

DPP-4 inhibitor

endocrine

alosetron

Lotronex

⚠ BBW

5-HT3 receptor antagonist (GI-selective)

gastrointestinal

alprazolam

Xanax, Xanax XR, Niravam

⚠ BBW Beers

benzodiazepine

cns

alteplase

Activase, Cathflo Activase

⚠ BBW ISMP

thrombolytic agent

cardiovascularhematology-oncology prototype

amantadine

Symmetrel, Gocovri (ER for dyskinesia), Osmolex ER

Beers

antiviral / antiparkinson agent

cns

amikacin

Amikin

⚠ BBW

aminoglycoside antibiotic

infectious-disease

amiloride

Midamor

potassium-sparing diuretic

renalcardiovascular

amiodarone

Pacerone, Nexterone

⚠ BBW ISMP

antiarrhythmic (Class III)

cardiovascular prototype

amitriptyline

Elavil

⚠ BBW Beers

tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

cns prototype

amlodipine

Norvasc

calcium channel blocker

cardiovascular prototype

amoxicillin

Amoxil, Trimox

antibiotic

infectious-disease

amoxicillin-clavulanate

Augmentin, Augmentin ES, Augmentin XR

antibiotic

infectious-disease

amphetamine (mixed amphetamine salts)

Adderall, Adderall XR, Mydayis

⚠ BBW

CNS stimulant

cns

amphotericin B

Fungizone (conventional), AmBisome (liposomal), Abelcet (lipid complex)

polyene antifungal antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

ampicillin

Principen

antibiotic (penicillin)

infectious-disease

ampicillin-sulbactam

Unasyn

antibiotic (beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination)

infectious-disease

andexanet alfa

Andexxa

anticoagulant reversal agent

cardiovascularhematology-oncology prototype

anidulafungin

Eraxis

echinocandin antifungal

infectious-disease

apixaban

Eliquis

⚠ BBW ISMP

anticoagulant

cardiovascularhematology-oncology

aprepitant

Emend

antiemetic

gastrointestinal prototype

argatroban

Acova

ISMP

anticoagulant

cardiovascular

aripiprazole

Abilify, Abilify Maintena, Aristada

⚠ BBW Beers

antipsychotic

cns

aspirin

Bayer, Ecotrin, Bufferin

antiplatelet / NSAID

cardiovascularcnsmusculoskeletal prototype

atazanavir

Reyataz, Evotaz (with cobicistat)

HIV protease inhibitor (PI)

infectious-disease

atenolol

Tenormin

⚠ BBW

beta-blocker

cardiovascular

atogepant

Qulipta

CGRP receptor antagonist (gepant)

cns

atomoxetine

Strattera

⚠ BBW

selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI)

cns prototype

atorvastatin

Lipitor

⚠ BBW

statin

cardiovascular prototype

atovaquone-proguanil

Malarone

combination antimalarial

infectious-disease prototype

atropine

Atropen

Beers

anticholinergic / antimuscarinic

cardiovascularcnspns-autonomic prototype

azithromycin

Zithromax, Z-Pak, Zmax

antibiotic

infectious-disease

aztreonam

Azactam

monobactam antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

baloxavir marboxil

Xofluza

cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor antiviral

infectious-disease prototype

balsalazide

Colazal, Giazo

aminosalicylate (5-ASA prodrug)

gastrointestinal

beclomethasone dipropionate

QVAR RediHaler, Beconase AQ (nasal)

inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

respiratory

bedaquiline

Sirturo

⚠ BBW

diarylquinoline antimycobacterial

infectious-disease prototype

benazepril

Lotensin

⚠ BBW

ACE inhibitor

cardiovascularrenal

benralizumab

Fasenra

biologic — anti-interleukin-5 receptor alpha (anti-IL-5Ralpha) monoclonal antibody

respiratoryimmunology

benzonatate

Tessalon, Tessalon Perles, Zonatuss

antitussive

respiratory

benztropine

Cogentin

Beers

anticholinergic antiparkinson agent

cns

betamethasone

Celestone Soluspan

corticosteroid

endocrinerespiratory

bisacodyl

Dulcolax, Correctol

stimulant laxative

gastrointestinal prototype

bismuth subsalicylate

Pepto-Bismol

GI protective agent / antidiarrheal

gastrointestinal

bisoprolol

Zebeta, Concor

⚠ BBW

beta-blocker

cardiovascular

bivalirudin

Angiomax

ISMP

anticoagulant

cardiovascular prototype

bortezomib

Velcade

ISMP

proteasome inhibitor antineoplastic

hematology-oncology prototype

brexpiprazole

Rexulti

⚠ BBW Beers

second-generation antipsychotic (SGA)

cns

budesonide (inhaled)

Pulmicort, Rhinocort

inhaled corticosteroid

respiratory

bumetanide

Bumex

loop diuretic

cardiovascularrenal

buprenorphine

Subutex, Suboxone (with naloxone), Buprenex +2

⚠ BBW ISMP

opioid partial agonist / analgesic

cns prototype

bupropion

Wellbutrin, Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL +2

⚠ BBW

antidepressant / smoking cessation

cns prototype

buspirone

Buspar

non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic

cns prototype

calcium acetate

PhosLo, Eliphos

phosphate binder

renal

canagliflozin

Invokana

SGLT-2 inhibitor

endocrinecardiovascularrenal

candesartan cilexetil

Atacand

⚠ BBW

angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

cardiovascular

captopril

Capoten

⚠ BBW

ACE inhibitor

cardiovascularrenal

carbamazepine

Tegretol, Carbatrol, Equetro

⚠ BBW Beers

antiepileptic

cns

cariprazine

Vraylar

⚠ BBW Beers

second-generation antipsychotic (SGA)

cns

carvedilol

Coreg

⚠ BBW

beta-blocker

cardiovascular prototype

caspofungin

Cancidas

echinocandin antifungal

infectious-disease prototype

cefaclor

Ceclor

second-generation cephalosporin

infectious-disease

cefadroxil

Duricef

first-generation cephalosporin

infectious-disease

cefazolin

Ancef, Kefzol

first-generation cephalosporin

infectious-disease prototype

cefdinir

Omnicef

third-generation cephalosporin

infectious-disease

cefepime

Maxipime

antibiotic

infectious-disease

cefotaxime

Claforan

third-generation cephalosporin

infectious-disease

cefoxitin

Mefoxin

second-generation cephalosporin (cephamycin)

infectious-disease

cefpodoxime

Vantin

third-generation cephalosporin

infectious-disease

ceftaroline

Teflaro

fifth-generation cephalosporin

infectious-disease prototype

ceftazidime

Fortaz, Tazicef

third-generation cephalosporin

infectious-disease prototype

ceftazidime-avibactam

Avycaz

beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination

infectious-disease

ceftolozane-tazobactam

Zerbaxa

beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination

infectious-disease

ceftriaxone

Rocephin

antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

cefuroxime

Zinacef, Ceftin

second-generation cephalosporin

infectious-disease prototype

celecoxib

Celebrex

⚠ BBW Beers

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

cnsmusculoskeletal prototype

cephalexin

Keflex

antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

chloramphenicol

Chloromycetin

⚠ BBW

amphenicol antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

chloroquine

Aralen

aminoquinoline antiparasitic

infectious-disease prototype

chlorpromazine

Thorazine

⚠ BBW Beers

first-generation antipsychotic (FGA)

cns prototype

chlorthalidone

Thalitone, Hygroton

thiazide-like diuretic

cardiovascular

ciclesonide

Alvesco (inhaled), Omnaris (nasal), Zetonna (nasal)

inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

respiratory

cilostazol

Pletal

⚠ BBW

antiplatelet agent — phosphodiesterase III inhibitor

cardiovascular

cinacalcet

Sensipar

calcimimetic

renalendocrine prototype

ciprofloxacin

Cipro, Cipro XR

⚠ BBW

antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

cisatracurium

Nimbex

ISMP

neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA)

cnsmusculoskeletal

cisplatin

Platinol

⚠ BBW ISMP

platinum-based alkylating agent

hematology-oncology prototype

citalopram

Celexa

⚠ BBW Beers

SSRI

cns

clarithromycin

Biaxin

⚠ BBW

macrolide antibiotic

infectious-diseaserespiratorygastrointestinal

clofazimine

Lamprene

riminophenazine antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

clomipramine

Anafranil

⚠ BBW Beers

tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

cns

clonidine

Catapres, Kapvay, Duraclon

Beers

central alpha-2 agonist

cardiovascularcns prototype

clonidine (extended-release, for ADHD)

Kapvay

Beers

alpha-2 adrenergic agonist

cns

clopidogrel

Plavix

antiplatelet

cardiovascular prototype

clozapine

Clozaril, FazaClo, Versacloz

⚠ BBW Beers

second-generation antipsychotic (SGA)

cns prototype

codeine

Tylenol with Codeine, Robitussin AC (with guaifenesin)

⚠ BBW ISMP

opioid analgesic and antitussive

cns

colchicine (cardiovascular)

Colcrys, Lodoco

anti-inflammatory (cardiovascular)

cardiovascularmusculoskeletal

conivaptan

Vaprisol

vasopressin receptor antagonist (vaptans)

renalcardiovascular

cromolyn sodium

Intal (inhaled — discontinued US market), NasalCrom (nasal), Gastrocrom (oral)

mast cell stabilizer

respiratoryimmunology prototype

cyclophosphamide

Cytoxan

⚠ BBW ISMP

nitrogen mustard alkylating agent

hematology-oncologyimmunology prototype

dabigatran

Pradaxa

⚠ BBW ISMP

anticoagulant

cardiovascularhematology-oncology prototype

dalbavancin

Dalvance

lipoglycopeptide antibiotic

infectious-disease

dalteparin

Fragmin

ISMP

anticoagulant

cardiovascularhematology-oncology

dapagliflozin

Farxiga

SGLT-2 inhibitor

endocrinecardiovascularrenal

dapsone

Aczone (topical), Dapsone

sulfone antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

darunavir

Prezista, Prezcobix (with cobicistat), Symtuza (combination)

HIV protease inhibitor (PI)

infectious-disease

delafloxacin

Baxdela

⚠ BBW

fluoroquinolone antibiotic

infectious-diseaserespiratory

delamanid

Deltyba

nitroimidazole antimycobacterial

infectious-disease

denosumab

Prolia, Xgeva

RANK ligand (RANKL) inhibitor

endocrinemusculoskeletalhematology-oncology prototype

desipramine

Norpramin

⚠ BBW Beers

tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

cns

desmopressin

DDAVP, Stimate

posterior pituitary hormone analog

renalcardiovascular prototype

desvenlafaxine

Pristiq, Khedezla

⚠ BBW

SNRI

cns

dexamethasone

Decadron, DexPak, Baycadron

corticosteroid

endocrinecns

dexlansoprazole

Dexilant

proton pump inhibitor

gastrointestinal

dextromethorphan

Delsym, Robitussin DM, NyQuil (combination)

antitussive

respiratorycns prototype

diazepam

Valium, Diastat, Valtoco

⚠ BBW ISMP Beers

benzodiazepine

cns prototype

diclofenac

Voltaren, Cataflam, Zipsor +2

⚠ BBW Beers

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

cnsmusculoskeletal

dicloxacillin

Dynapen

penicillinase-resistant penicillin

infectious-disease

digoxin

Lanoxin

ISMP Beers

cardiac glycoside

cardiovascular prototype

diltiazem

Cardizem, Dilacor XR, Tiazac

calcium channel blocker

cardiovascular prototype

diphenoxylate/atropine

Lomotil

⚠ BBW ISMP Beers

antidiarrheal / opioid agonist

gastrointestinal

dipyridamole

Persantine, Aggrenox (combined with aspirin)

Beers

antiplatelet agent

cardiovascular

dobutamine

Dobutrex

ISMP

inotrope

cardiovascular prototype

docusate sodium

Colace, Surfak

stool softener / emollient laxative

gastrointestinal prototype

dofetilide

Tikosyn

⚠ BBW ISMP

antiarrhythmic (Class III)

cardiovascular

dolutegravir

Tivicay, Dovato (with lamivudine), Triumeq (with abacavir/lamivudine)

antiretroviral

infectious-disease

donepezil

Aricept

cholinesterase inhibitor

cns prototype

dopamine

Intropin

ISMP

vasopressor/inotrope

cardiovascular prototype

doripenem

Doribax

carbapenem antibiotic

infectious-disease

dornase alfa (DNase I)

Pulmozyme

mucolytic enzyme

respiratory prototype

doxazosin

Cardura

Beers

alpha-1 blocker

cardiovascular prototype

doxorubicin

Adriamycin, Doxil (liposomal)

⚠ BBW ISMP

anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic

hematology-oncology prototype

doxycycline

Vibramycin, Doryx, Oracea +1

antibiotic

infectious-disease

dronabinol

Marinol, Syndros

Beers

cannabinoid / antiemetic

gastrointestinalcns

droperidol

Inapsine

⚠ BBW ISMP Beers

butyrophenone / dopamine antagonist

gastrointestinalcns

dulaglutide

Trulicity

⚠ BBW

GLP-1 receptor agonist

endocrinecardiovascular

duloxetine

Cymbalta, Drizalma, Irenka

⚠ BBW

antidepressant

cns

dupilumab

Dupixent

biologic — anti-IL-4/IL-13 monoclonal antibody

respiratoryimmunologydermatology prototype

edoxaban

Savaysa, Lixiana

⚠ BBW ISMP

direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC)

cardiovascularhematology-oncology

efavirenz

Sustiva, Atripla (combination)

non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)

infectious-disease prototype

elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor

Trikafta

CFTR modulator — triple combination

respiratory prototype

empagliflozin

Jardiance

antidiabetic

endocrinecardiovascularrenal prototype

emtricitabine

Emtriva, component of Truvada, Biktarvy, Descovy, etc.

⚠ BBW

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)

infectious-disease

enalapril

Vasotec

⚠ BBW

ACE inhibitor

cardiovascularrenal

enoxaparin

Lovenox

ISMP

anticoagulant

cardiovascularhematology-oncology prototype

entacapone

Comtan, Stalevo (with levodopa/carbidopa)

COMT inhibitor

cns prototype

epinephrine

Adrenalin, EpiPen

ISMP

vasopressor / bronchodilator

cardiovascularrespiratorypns-autonomic prototype

eplerenone

Inspra

mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist

cardiovascularrenal

epoetin alfa

Epogen, Procrit, Retacrit (biosimilar)

⚠ BBW

erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA)

hematology-oncology prototype

eptifibatide

Integrilin

⚠ BBW ISMP

glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor

cardiovascularhematology-oncology

eravacycline

Xerava

fluorocycline antibiotic

infectious-disease

erenumab

Aimovig

anti-CGRP receptor monoclonal antibody

cns prototype

ergotamine

Ergomar, Cafergot (with caffeine)

⚠ BBW Beers

ergot alkaloid / vasoconstrictor

cnscardiovascular prototype

ertapenem

Invanz

carbapenem antibiotic

infectious-disease

ertugliflozin

Steglatro

SGLT-2 inhibitor

endocrine

erythromycin

Ery-Tab, Erythrocin, EES

macrolide antibiotic

infectious-diseasegastrointestinal prototype

escitalopram

Lexapro

⚠ BBW

antidepressant

cns

esomeprazole

Nexium

proton pump inhibitor

gastrointestinal

estradiol

Estrace, Estradiol patch (Vivelle-Dot, Climara), Vagifem +1

⚠ BBW Beers

estrogen

endocrinereproductive prototype

eszopiclone

Lunesta

⚠ BBW Beers

non-benzodiazepine hypnotic (Z-drug)

cns

ethambutol

Myambutol

antimycobacterial agent

infectious-disease prototype

ethosuximide

Zarontin

antiepileptic drug

cns prototype

etonogestrel

Nexplanon (subdermal implant), NuvaRing (vaginal ring — combined with ethinyl estradiol)

progestogen

endocrinereproductive

evolocumab

Repatha

PCSK9 inhibitor

cardiovascular prototype

exenatide

Byetta, Bydureon BCise

⚠ BBW

GLP-1 receptor agonist

endocrine

ezetimibe

Zetia

cholesterol absorption inhibitor

cardiovascular prototype

famciclovir

Famvir

antiviral — penciclovir prodrug

infectious-disease

famotidine

Pepcid

H2 receptor antagonist

gastrointestinal prototype

febuxostat

Uloric

⚠ BBW

xanthine oxidase inhibitor

endocrinemusculoskeletal

fenofibrate

Tricor, Fenoglide

fibrate

cardiovascular prototype

fentanyl

Duragesic (patch), Sublimaze (IV), Actiq (lozenge) +2

⚠ BBW ISMP

opioid analgesic

cns

fidaxomicin

Dificid

macrocyclic antibiotic

infectious-diseasegastrointestinal prototype

filgrastim

Neupogen, Zarxio (biosimilar), Nivestym (biosimilar)

granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)

hematology-oncology prototype

finerenone

Kerendia

mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist

cardiovascularrenal

flecainide

Tambocor

⚠ BBW

antiarrhythmic (Class IC)

cardiovascular prototype

fluconazole

Diflucan

antifungal

infectious-disease prototype

fludrocortisone acetate

Florinef

mineralocorticoid

endocrine prototype

fluoxetine

Prozac, Sarafem, Selfemra

⚠ BBW

antidepressant

cns prototype

fluphenazine

Prolixin

⚠ BBW Beers

first-generation antipsychotic (FGA)

cns

fluticasone furoate

Arnuity Ellipta (ICS alone), Breo Ellipta (with vilanterol), Trelegy Ellipta (with vilanterol + umeclidinium)

inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

respiratory

fluticasone propionate

Flovent, Flonase

inhaled corticosteroid

respiratoryimmunology prototype

fluvastatin

Lescol, Lescol XL

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)

cardiovascular

fluvoxamine

Luvox, Luvox CR

⚠ BBW

SSRI

cns

fondaparinux

Arixtra

ISMP

anticoagulant

cardiovascularhematology-oncology prototype

formoterol

Foradil, Perforomist

⚠ BBW

bronchodilator

respiratory

fosaprepitant

Emend IV

neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist

gastrointestinal

foscarnet

Foscavir

⚠ BBW

antiviral — pyrophosphate analog

infectious-disease prototype

fosinopril

Monopril

⚠ BBW

ACE inhibitor

cardiovascularrenal

fosphenytoin

Cerebyx

⚠ BBW

antiepileptic drug

cns

fremanezumab

Ajovy

anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody

cns

furosemide

Lasix

loop diuretic

cardiovascularrenal prototype

gabapentin

Neurontin, Gralise, Horizant

⚠ BBW Beers

antiepileptic / analgesic

cns prototype

galantamine

Razadyne, Razadyne ER

cholinesterase inhibitor / nicotinic receptor modulator

cns

galcanezumab

Emgality

anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody

cns

ganciclovir

Cytovene

⚠ BBW

antiviral — guanosine analog

infectious-disease prototype

gemfibrozil

Lopid

fibrate

cardiovascular

gentamicin

Garamycin

⚠ BBW

antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

glimepiride

Amaryl

ISMP

sulfonylurea

endocrine

glipizide

Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL

ISMP Beers

antidiabetic

endocrine prototype

glyburide

DiaBeta, Micronase, Glynase

ISMP Beers

sulfonylurea

endocrine

glycopyrrolate (inhaled)

Seebri Neohaler, Lonhala Magnair, Bevespi Aerosphere (with formoterol)

muscarinic receptor antagonist (LAMA)

respiratory

granisetron

Kytril, Sancuso, Sustol

5-HT3 receptor antagonist

gastrointestinal

guaifenesin

Mucinex, Robitussin, Organidin NR

expectorant

respiratory prototype

guanfacine (extended-release, for ADHD)

Intuniv

alpha-2A adrenergic agonist

cns

haloperidol

Haldol

⚠ BBW Beers

antipsychotic

cns prototype

heparin (unfractionated)

UFH, Hep-Lock

⚠ BBW ISMP

anticoagulant

cardiovascularhematology-oncology prototype

hydralazine

Apresoline

direct vasodilator

cardiovascular prototype

hydrochlorothiazide

Microzide, HydroDIURIL

thiazide diuretic

cardiovascularrenal prototype

hydrocortisone

Solu-Cortef, Cortef, Hydrocortone

corticosteroid

endocrineimmunology

hydromorphone

Dilaudid, Exalgo

⚠ BBW ISMP

opioid analgesic

cns

hydroxychloroquine

Plaquenil

aminoquinoline antiparasitic/DMARD

infectious-diseaseimmunologymusculoskeletal

hydroxyurea

Hydrea, Droxia

⚠ BBW ISMP

antimetabolite antineoplastic

hematology-oncology prototype

hydroxyzine

Atarax, Vistaril

Beers

antihistamine / anxiolytic / antiemetic

cns

ibuprofen

Advil, Motrin

⚠ BBW Beers

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

cnsmusculoskeletal prototype

icosapent ethyl

Vascepa

omega-3 fatty acid cardiovascular agent

cardiovascular prototype

idarucizumab

Praxbind

anticoagulant reversal agent

cardiovascularhematology-oncology prototype

imatinib

Gleevec, Glivec

ISMP

BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor

hematology-oncology prototype

imipenem-cilastatin

Primaxin

carbapenem antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

imipramine

Tofranil

⚠ BBW Beers

tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

cns

inclisiran

Leqvio

small interfering RNA (siRNA) — PCSK9 inhibitor

cardiovascular prototype

indacaterol

Arcapta Neohaler, Onbrez Breezhaler

beta-2 adrenergic agonist (LABA)

respiratory

indapamide

Lozol

thiazide-like diuretic

cardiovascular

indomethacin

Indocin

⚠ BBW Beers

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

cnsmusculoskeletal

insulin aspart

NovoLog, Fiasp

ISMP

insulin

endocrine prototype

insulin degludec

Tresiba

ISMP

insulin

endocrine

insulin detemir

Levemir

ISMP

insulin

endocrine

insulin glargine

Lantus, Basaglar, Toujeo

ISMP

insulin

endocrine prototype

insulin glulisine

Apidra

ISMP

insulin

endocrine

insulin lispro

Humalog, Admelog

ISMP

insulin

endocrine prototype

ipratropium

Atrovent

bronchodilator

respiratory

irbesartan

Avapro

⚠ BBW

angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

cardiovascularrenal

isavuconazole

Cresemba

triazole antifungal

infectious-disease

isoniazid

INH, Nydrazid

⚠ BBW

antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

isosorbide dinitrate

Isordil

nitrate

cardiovascular

isosorbide mononitrate

Imdur, ISMO

nitrate

cardiovascular

itraconazole

Sporanox, Onmel

⚠ BBW Beers

triazole antifungal

infectious-disease

ivabradine

Corlanor

HCN channel blocker

cardiovascular prototype

ivacaftor

Kalydeco

CFTR potentiator

respiratory prototype

ivermectin

Stromectol

macrocyclic lactone antiparasitic

infectious-disease prototype

ketamine

Ketalar

⚠ BBW ISMP

dissociative anesthetic

cns prototype

ketorolac

Toradol

⚠ BBW Beers

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

cnsmusculoskeletal

labetalol

Trandate, Normodyne

⚠ BBW

beta-blocker

cardiovascular

lacosamide

Vimpat

antiepileptic drug

cns prototype

lactulose

Kristalose, Enulose

laxative (osmotic) / hyperammonemia treatment

gastrointestinal prototype

lamotrigine

Lamictal, Lamictal XR

⚠ BBW

antiepileptic / mood stabilizer

cns

lansoprazole

Prevacid

proton pump inhibitor

gastrointestinal

lanthanum carbonate

Fosrenol

phosphate binder

renal

lasmiditan

Reyvow

serotonin 5-HT1F receptor agonist (ditan)

cns prototype

lenalidomide

Revlimid

⚠ BBW ISMP

immunomodulatory imide drug (IMiD)

hematology-oncologyimmunology

letermovir

Prevymis

antiviral — CMV terminase inhibitor

infectious-disease prototype

levalbuterol

Xopenex

beta-2 adrenergic agonist (SABA)

respiratory

levetiracetam

Keppra, Spritam

antiepileptic

cns prototype

levodopa-carbidopa

Sinemet, Rytary, Duopa +1

antiparkinsonian

cns prototype

levofloxacin

Levaquin

⚠ BBW Beers

fluoroquinolone antibiotic

infectious-diseaserespiratory

levonorgestrel

Plan B One-Step, Mirena IUD, Skyla IUD +1

progestogen

endocrinereproductive

levothyroxine sodium

Synthroid, Levoxyl, Tirosint +2

⚠ BBW

thyroid hormone

endocrine prototype

lidocaine (IV)

Xylocaine

ISMP

antiarrhythmic (Class IB) / local anesthetic

cardiovascularcns prototype

linaclotide

Linzess

⚠ BBW

guanylate cyclase-C agonist

gastrointestinal prototype

linagliptin

Tradjenta

DPP-4 inhibitor

endocrine

linezolid

Zyvox

oxazolidinone antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

liothyronine sodium

Cytomel, Triostat (IV)

⚠ BBW Beers

thyroid hormone

endocrine

liraglutide

Victoza, Saxenda

⚠ BBW

GLP-1 receptor agonist

endocrinecardiovascular prototype

lisdexamfetamine

Vyvanse

⚠ BBW

CNS stimulant

cns

lisinopril

Prinivil, Zestril

⚠ BBW

ACE inhibitor

cardiovascularrenal prototype

lithium carbonate / lithium citrate

Lithobid, Eskalith

⚠ BBW Beers

mood stabilizer

cns prototype

loperamide

Imodium

antidiarrheal

gastrointestinal prototype

lorazepam

Ativan

⚠ BBW ISMP Beers

benzodiazepine

cns

losartan

Cozaar

⚠ BBW

angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

cardiovascularrenal prototype

lovastatin

Mevacor, Altoprev

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)

cardiovascular

lubiprostone

Amitiza

chloride channel activator

gastrointestinal prototype

lurasidone

Latuda

⚠ BBW Beers

second-generation antipsychotic (SGA)

cns

mannitol

Osmitrol

osmotic diuretic

renalcns prototype

maraviroc

Selzentry, Celsentri

⚠ BBW

CCR5 co-receptor antagonist (entry inhibitor)

infectious-disease prototype

medroxyprogesterone acetate

Provera, Depo-Provera, Depo-SubQ Provera 104

⚠ BBW

progestogen

endocrinereproductive prototype

meloxicam

Mobic, Vivlodex (low-dose)

⚠ BBW Beers

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

cnsmusculoskeletal

memantine

Namenda, Namenda XR, Namzaric (with donepezil)

NMDA receptor antagonist

cns prototype

mepolizumab

Nucala

biologic — anti-interleukin-5 (anti-IL-5) monoclonal antibody

respiratoryimmunology prototype

meropenem

Merrem

antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

mesalamine

Asacol, Lialda, Apriso +1

anti-inflammatory (IBD)

gastrointestinalimmunology

metformin

Glucophage, Glumetza, Fortamet +1

⚠ BBW

antidiabetic

endocrine prototype

methadone

Dolophine, Methadose

⚠ BBW ISMP

opioid analgesic / opioid use disorder treatment

cns

methimazole

Tapazole

antithyroid

endocrine prototype

methotrexate (oncologic)

Trexall, Otrexup, Rasuvo

⚠ BBW ISMP

antimetabolite antineoplastic

hematology-oncologyimmunologymusculoskeletal prototype

methylphenidate

Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate +2

⚠ BBW

CNS stimulant

cns prototype

methylprednisolone

Solu-Medrol, Medrol, Depo-Medrol

corticosteroid

endocrineimmunology

metoclopramide

Reglan

⚠ BBW Beers

prokinetic / antiemetic

gastrointestinalcns prototype

metolazone

Zaroxolyn

thiazide-like diuretic

cardiovascularrenal

metoprolol succinate

Toprol-XL

⚠ BBW

beta-blocker

cardiovascular prototype

metoprolol tartrate

Lopressor

⚠ BBW

beta-blocker

cardiovascular

metronidazole

Flagyl, Metro

⚠ BBW

antibiotic / antiprotozoal

infectious-disease prototype

mexiletine

Mexitil

antiarrhythmic (Class IB)

cardiovascularcns

micafungin

Mycamine

echinocandin antifungal

infectious-disease

midazolam

Versed, Nayzilam, Seizalam

⚠ BBW ISMP Beers

benzodiazepine

cns

milrinone

Primacor

ISMP

inodilator

cardiovascular prototype

minocycline

Minocin, Dynacin, Solodyn

tetracycline antibiotic

infectious-disease

minoxidil

Loniten (oral), Rogaine (topical)

⚠ BBW

direct vasodilator / potassium channel activator

cardiovascular

mirabegron

Myrbetriq

beta-3 adrenergic agonist

reproductive prototype

mirtazapine

Remeron, Remeron SolTab

⚠ BBW Beers

noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA)

cns prototype

misoprostol

Cytotec

⚠ BBW

prostaglandin E1 analog

gastrointestinalreproductive prototype

mometasone furoate (inhaled)

Asmanex Twisthaler, Asmanex HFA

inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

respiratory

montelukast

Singulair

⚠ BBW

leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA)

respiratoryimmunology prototype

morphine sulfate

MS Contin, Morphabond, Kadian +1

⚠ BBW ISMP

opioid analgesic

cns prototype

moxifloxacin

Avelox

⚠ BBW

fluoroquinolone antibiotic

infectious-diseaserespiratory

nafcillin

Nallpen, Unipen

antibiotic (penicillin)

infectious-disease

naloxone

Narcan, Kloxxado, Zimhi

opioid antagonist

cnstoxicology prototype

naltrexone

ReVia, Vivitrol (extended-release injectable)

⚠ BBW

opioid antagonist

cns

naproxen

Aleve, Naprosyn, Anaprox

⚠ BBW Beers

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

cnsmusculoskeletal

nateglinide

Starlix

meglitinide

endocrine

nebivolol

Bystolic

⚠ BBW

beta-blocker

cardiovascular

neostigmine

Prostigmin, Bloxiverz

cholinesterase inhibitor

cnsmusculoskeletal

nesiritide

Natrecor

recombinant BNP / natriuretic peptide

cardiovascular prototype

niacin (nicotinic acid)

Niaspan, Slo-Niacin

antilipemic agent — niacin

cardiovascular prototype

nifedipine

Procardia, Adalat CC

Beers

calcium channel blocker

cardiovascularreproductive

nitrofurantoin

Macrobid, Macrodantin

Beers

nitrofuran antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

nitroglycerin

Nitrostat, Nitro-Dur, Tridil

ISMP

nitrate

cardiovascular prototype

nitroprusside

Nipride

⚠ BBW ISMP

direct vasodilator

cardiovascular prototype

norepinephrine

Levophed

ISMP

vasopressor

cardiovascular prototype

norethindrone

Micronor, Errin, Camila +1

progestogen

endocrinereproductive

nortriptyline

Pamelor, Aventyl

⚠ BBW Beers

tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

cns

NPH insulin (isophane insulin)

Humulin N, Novolin N

ISMP

insulin

endocrine

octreotide

Sandostatin, Sandostatin LAR

somatostatin analog

endocrinegastrointestinal prototype

olanzapine

Zyprexa, Zyprexa Zydis, Symbyax (with fluoxetine) +1

⚠ BBW Beers

antipsychotic

cns

olmesartan medoxomil

Benicar

⚠ BBW

angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

cardiovascular

olsalazine

Dipentum

aminosalicylate (5-ASA dimer prodrug)

gastrointestinal

omadacycline

Nuzyra

aminomethylcycline tetracycline

infectious-diseaserespiratory

omalizumab

Xolair

biologic — anti-IgE monoclonal antibody

respiratoryimmunology prototype

omeprazole

Prilosec

proton pump inhibitor

gastrointestinal prototype

ondansetron

Zofran

antiemetic

gastrointestinalcns prototype

oritavancin

Orbactiv

lipoglycopeptide antibiotic

infectious-disease

oseltamivir

Tamiflu

antiviral

infectious-disease prototype

oxacillin

Bactocill

antibiotic (penicillin)

infectious-disease

oxcarbazepine

Trileptal, Oxtellar XR

antiepileptic drug

cns

oxycodone

OxyContin, Roxicodone, Percocet (with acetaminophen)

⚠ BBW ISMP

opioid analgesic

cns

oxytocin

Pitocin, Syntocinon

ISMP

oxytocic agent

endocrinereproductive prototype

paclitaxel

Taxol, Abraxane (nab-paclitaxel)

⚠ BBW ISMP

taxane antineoplastic

hematology-oncology prototype

paliperidone

Invega, Invega Sustenna, Invega Trinza

⚠ BBW Beers

second-generation antipsychotic (SGA)

cns

palonosetron

Aloxi

5-HT3 receptor antagonist

gastrointestinal

pantoprazole

Protonix

proton pump inhibitor

gastrointestinal

paroxetine

Paxil, Paxil CR, Pexeva

⚠ BBW Beers

SSRI

cns

patiromer

Veltassa

potassium binder

renal prototype

pembrolizumab

Keytruda

ISMP

PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor monoclonal antibody

hematology-oncologyimmunology prototype

penicillin G

Pfizerpen, Bicillin (benzathine formulation)

antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

penicillin V potassium

Pen VK, Veetids

antibiotic (penicillin)

infectious-disease

peramivir

Rapivab

neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral

infectious-disease

phenelzine

Nardil

⚠ BBW Beers

monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)

cns prototype

phenobarbital

Luminal

Beers

antiepileptic drug / barbiturate

cns

phenytoin

Dilantin, Phenytek

⚠ BBW Beers

antiepileptic

cns prototype

phytonadione

Mephyton, AquaMEPHYTON

vitamin K / warfarin reversal agent

cardiovascularhematology-oncology prototype

pimavanserin

Nuplazid

⚠ BBW Beers

atypical antipsychotic

cns prototype

pioglitazone

Actos

⚠ BBW

thiazolidinedione

endocrine prototype

piperacillin-tazobactam

Zosyn

antibiotic

infectious-disease

pitavastatin

Livalo, Zypitamag

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)

cardiovascular

plazomicin

Zemdri

⚠ BBW

aminoglycoside antibiotic

infectious-disease

polyethylene glycol

MiraLAX, Glycolax

laxative (osmotic)

gastrointestinal prototype

posaconazole

Noxafil

triazole antifungal

infectious-disease

potassium iodide

SSKI, ThyroShield, Iosat

antithyroid agent / iodine supplement

endocrine

pramipexole

Mirapex, Mirapex ER

Beers

dopamine agonist

cns

pramlintide

Symlin

⚠ BBW

amylin analog

endocrine prototype

prasugrel

Effient

⚠ BBW

antiplatelet

cardiovascular

pravastatin

Pravachol

statin

cardiovascular

prazosin

Minipress

Beers

alpha-1 blocker

cardiovascular

prednisone

Deltasone, Rayos

corticosteroid

endocrineimmunology prototype

pregabalin

Lyrica, Lyrica CR

⚠ BBW Beers

antiepileptic / analgesic

cns

pretomanid

Dovprela

nitroimidazole antimycobacterial

infectious-disease

probenecid

Probalan

uricosuric agent

endocrinemusculoskeletal prototype

prochlorperazine

Compazine

Beers

antiemetic / antipsychotic

gastrointestinalcns

promethazine

Phenergan

⚠ BBW ISMP Beers

phenothiazine / antihistamine

gastrointestinalcns

propafenone

Rythmol

⚠ BBW

antiarrhythmic (Class IC)

cardiovascular

propofol

Diprivan

⚠ BBW ISMP

intravenous general anesthetic

cns prototype

propranolol

Inderal, Inderal LA

⚠ BBW

beta-blocker

cardiovascularcns prototype

propylthiouracil

PTU

⚠ BBW

thionamide

endocrine

protamine sulfate

Protamine Sulfate Injection

anticoagulant reversal agent

cardiovascularhematology-oncology prototype

prucalopride

Motegrity

selective serotonin type-4 (5-HT4) receptor agonist

gastrointestinal prototype

psyllium

Metamucil, Konsyl

bulk-forming laxative / fiber supplement

gastrointestinalcardiovascular prototype

pyrazinamide

PZA

nicotinamide analog antimycobacterial

infectious-disease prototype

quetiapine

Seroquel, Seroquel XR

⚠ BBW Beers

antipsychotic

cns

quinapril

Accupril

⚠ BBW

ACE inhibitor

cardiovascularrenal

quinidine

Quinidex, Quinaglute

⚠ BBW Beers

antiarrhythmic (Class IA)

cardiovascular prototype

rabeprazole

Aciphex

proton pump inhibitor

gastrointestinal

raltegravir

Isentress, Isentress HD

HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)

infectious-disease

ramelteon

Rozerem

melatonin receptor agonist

cns prototype

ramipril

Altace

⚠ BBW

ACE inhibitor

cardiovascularrenal

rasagiline

Azilect

monoamine oxidase B inhibitor (MAO-B inhibitor)

cns

regular insulin (human insulin)

Humulin R, Novolin R

ISMP

insulin

endocrine

remifentanil

Ultiva

⚠ BBW ISMP

opioid analgesic

cns

repaglinide

Prandin

meglitinide

endocrine prototype

reslizumab

Cinqair

⚠ BBW

biologic — anti-interleukin-5 (anti-IL-5) monoclonal antibody

respiratoryimmunology

reteplase

Retavase

⚠ BBW ISMP

thrombolytic agent

cardiovascularhematology-oncology

rifabutin

Mycobutin

rifamycin antibiotic

infectious-disease

rifampin

Rifadin, Rimactane

antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

rifapentine

Priftin

rifamycin antibiotic

infectious-disease

rifaximin

Xifaxan

antibiotic (GI-specific)

gastrointestinalinfectious-disease prototype

riluzole

Rilutek, Tiglutik (oral suspension), Exservan (oral film)

neuroprotective agent / glutamate antagonist

cns prototype

rimegepant

Nurtec ODT

CGRP receptor antagonist (gepant)

cns

risperidone

Risperdal, Risperdal Consta, Perseris

⚠ BBW Beers

antipsychotic

cns prototype

rituximab

Rituxan, MabThera

⚠ BBW ISMP

anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody

hematology-oncologyimmunology prototype

rivaroxaban

Xarelto

⚠ BBW ISMP

anticoagulant

cardiovascularhematology-oncology prototype

rivastigmine

Exelon, Exelon Patch

cholinesterase inhibitor

cns

rizatriptan

Maxalt, Maxalt-MLT

triptan (serotonin 5-HT1B/1D agonist)

cns

rocuronium

Zemuron

ISMP

neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA)

cnsmusculoskeletal

roflumilast

Daliresp

⚠ BBW

phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor

respiratory prototype

ropinirole

Requip, Requip XL

Beers

dopamine agonist

cns

rosiglitazone

Avandia

⚠ BBW

thiazolidinedione

endocrine

rosuvastatin

Crestor

⚠ BBW

statin

cardiovascular

rotigotine

Neupro

Beers

dopamine agonist

cns

sacubitril/valsartan

Entresto

⚠ BBW

angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI)

cardiovascular prototype

salmeterol

Serevent

⚠ BBW

bronchodilator

respiratory prototype

saxagliptin

Onglyza

DPP-4 inhibitor

endocrine

scopolamine

Transderm Scop

Beers

anticholinergic / antiemetic

gastrointestinalcns

selegiline (transdermal patch for depression)

Emsam

⚠ BBW

monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)

cns

semaglutide

Ozempic (SC weekly), Rybelsus (oral), Wegovy (SC weight management)

⚠ BBW

antidiabetic / weight management

endocrine

senna / sennosides

Senokot, Ex-Lax

stimulant laxative

gastrointestinal

sertraline

Zoloft

⚠ BBW

antidepressant

cns

sevelamer carbonate / sevelamer hydrochloride

Renvela (carbonate), Renagel (hydrochloride)

phosphate binder

renal prototype

sildenafil

Viagra, Revatio

Beers

PDE-5 inhibitor

reproductivecardiovascular prototype

simvastatin

Zocor

⚠ BBW

statin

cardiovascular

sitagliptin

Januvia

DPP-4 inhibitor

endocrine prototype

sodium bicarbonate

Neut (IV), generic

alkalinizing agent

renalcardiovasculargastrointestinal prototype

sodium zirconium cyclosilicate

Lokelma

potassium binder

renal

sotalol

Betapace, Sorine

⚠ BBW

antiarrhythmic (Class III/II)

cardiovascular

spironolactone

Aldactone

potassium-sparing diuretic / mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist

cardiovascularrenal prototype

streptomycin

Streptomycin Sulfate

⚠ BBW

aminoglycoside antibiotic

infectious-disease

succinylcholine

Anectine, Quelicin

⚠ BBW ISMP

neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA)

cnsmusculoskeletal prototype

sucralfate

Carafate

cytoprotective agent

gastrointestinal prototype

sugammadex

Bridion

neuromuscular blockade reversal agent

cnsmusculoskeletal prototype

sulfadiazine

Sulfadiazine

sulfonamide antibiotic

infectious-disease

sulfasalazine

Azulfidine

anti-inflammatory (IBD/DMARD)

gastrointestinalimmunologymusculoskeletal prototype

sumatriptan

Imitrex, Tosymra, Zembrace

antimigraine

cns prototype

suvorexant

Belsomra

orexin receptor antagonist

cns prototype

tamsulosin

Flomax

selective alpha-1A/1D adrenergic antagonist

reproductivecardiovascular

tapentadol

Nucynta, Nucynta ER

⚠ BBW ISMP

opioid analgesic (atypical) / centrally acting analgesic

cns prototype

tedizolid

Sivextro

oxazolidinone antibiotic

infectious-disease

telavancin

Vibativ

⚠ BBW

lipoglycopeptide antibiotic

infectious-disease

telmisartan

Micardis

⚠ BBW

angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

cardiovascular

temazepam

Restoril

⚠ BBW Beers

benzodiazepine

cns

tenecteplase

TNKase

⚠ BBW ISMP

thrombolytic agent

cardiovascularhematology-oncology

tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

Viread, component of Truvada, Atripla, Stribild, Symfi

⚠ BBW

nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI)

infectious-disease prototype

terazosin

Hytrin

Beers

alpha-1 blocker

cardiovascular

teriparatide

Forteo

⚠ BBW

parathyroid hormone analog

endocrinemusculoskeletal prototype

testosterone

Androgel, Testim, Axiron +1

⚠ BBW

androgen

endocrinereproductive prototype

tetracycline

Sumycin

tetracycline antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

tezepelumab

Tezspire

biologic — anti-thymic stromal lymphopoietin (anti-TSLP) monoclonal antibody

respiratoryimmunology prototype

theophylline

Theo-24, Theochron

Beers

methylxanthine

respiratorycardiovascular prototype

thioridazine

Mellaril

⚠ BBW Beers

first-generation antipsychotic (FGA)

cns

ticagrelor

Brilinta

⚠ BBW

antiplatelet

cardiovascular

tigecycline

Tygacil

⚠ BBW

glycylcycline antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

tinidazole

Tindamax

nitroimidazole antibiotic/antiprotozoal

infectious-diseasegastrointestinal

tiotropium

Spiriva

bronchodilator

respiratory prototype

tirofiban

Aggrastat

⚠ BBW ISMP

glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor

cardiovascularhematology-oncology

tirzepatide

Mounjaro, Zepbound

⚠ BBW

dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist (twincretin)

endocrinecardiovascular prototype

tobramycin

Nebcin, TOBI

⚠ BBW

aminoglycoside antibiotic

infectious-diseaserespiratory

tofacitinib (GI indication)

Xeljanz

⚠ BBW

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor

gastrointestinalimmunology

tolvaptan

Samsca, Jynarque

⚠ BBW

vasopressin receptor antagonist (vaptans)

renalcardiovascular prototype

topiramate

Topamax, Trokendi XR, Qudexy XR

antiepileptic drug

cns

torsemide

Demadex

loop diuretic

cardiovascularrenal

tramadol

Ultram, ConZip, Ultracet (with acetaminophen)

⚠ BBW ISMP Beers

opioid analgesic (atypical) / SNRI-like analgesic

cns

tranylcypromine

Parnate

⚠ BBW Beers

monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)

cns

trazodone

Desyrel, Oleptro

⚠ BBW Beers

serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (SARI)

cns prototype

triamterene

Dyrenium

potassium-sparing diuretic

renalcardiovascular

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)

Bactrim, Bactrim DS, Septra

antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

ubrogepant

Ubrelvy

CGRP receptor antagonist (gepant)

cns prototype

umeclidinium

Incruse Ellipta, Anoro Ellipta (with vilanterol)

muscarinic receptor antagonist (LAMA)

respiratory

ursodiol

Actigall, Urso

bile acid

gastrointestinal prototype

ustekinumab (GI indication)

Stelara

IL-12/IL-23 inhibitor (monoclonal antibody)

gastrointestinalimmunology

valacyclovir

Valtrex

antiviral — acyclovir prodrug

infectious-disease

valganciclovir

Valcyte

⚠ BBW

antiviral — ganciclovir prodrug

infectious-disease

valproic acid / valproate sodium

Depakote, Depakene, Depacon

⚠ BBW Beers

antiepileptic / mood stabilizer

cns prototype

valsartan

Diovan

⚠ BBW

angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

cardiovascularrenal

vancomycin

Vancocin

⚠ BBW

antibiotic

infectious-disease prototype

vasopressin

Pitressin, Vasostrict

ISMP

vasopressor

cardiovascularrenal prototype

vecuronium

Norcuron

ISMP

neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA)

cnsmusculoskeletal

vedolizumab

Entyvio

integrin receptor antagonist (gut-selective biologic)

gastrointestinalimmunology prototype

venetoclax

Venclexta, Venclyxto

⚠ BBW ISMP

BCL-2 inhibitor

hematology-oncology prototype

venlafaxine

Effexor, Effexor XR

⚠ BBW

antidepressant

cns prototype

verapamil

Calan, Isoptin, Verelan

calcium channel blocker

cardiovascular

vilanterol

Breo Ellipta (with fluticasone furoate), Anoro Ellipta (with umeclidinium)

⚠ BBW

beta-2 adrenergic agonist (LABA)

respiratory

vilazodone

Viibryd

⚠ BBW

SPARI (serotonin partial agonist reuptake inhibitor)

cns prototype

vincristine

Oncovin, Vincasar

⚠ BBW ISMP

vinca alkaloid antineoplastic

hematology-oncology prototype

vonoprazan

Voquezna

potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB)

gastrointestinal prototype

voriconazole

Vfend

triazole antifungal

infectious-disease prototype

vortioxetine

Trintellix

⚠ BBW

multimodal antidepressant

cns prototype

warfarin

Coumadin, Jantoven

⚠ BBW ISMP

anticoagulant

cardiovascularhematology-oncology prototype

zafirlukast

Accolate

leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA)

respiratory

zaleplon

Sonata

⚠ BBW Beers

non-benzodiazepine hypnotic (Z-drug)

cns

zanamivir

Relenza

neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral

infectious-diseaserespiratory

zileuton

Zyflo, Zyflo CR

5-lipoxygenase inhibitor

respiratory prototype

ziprasidone

Geodon

⚠ BBW Beers

second-generation antipsychotic (SGA)

cns

zoledronic acid

Zometa, Reclast

bisphosphonate

endocrinemusculoskeletalhematology-oncology

zolpidem

Ambien, Ambien CR, Intermezzo +2

⚠ BBW Beers

sedative-hypnotic

cns prototype

zonisamide

Zonegran

antiepileptic drug

cns